The Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) is increasing oversight of temporary sick leave (L4) and clarifying the conditions for receiving sickness benefits (zasiłek chorobowy). The new law, scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2026, aims to monitor L4 usage more effectively and prevent improper claims.
More Frequent and Effective Controls
- ZUS can now call employees, verify addresses, and even check activities after employment ends.
- Ignoring control requests or failing to respond can result in sickness benefits being withdrawn.
When Benefits Can Be Withdrawn
- Engaging in income-generating work or activities that hinder recovery during L4 can lead to full repayment of benefits.
- Normal daily activities (shopping, pharmacy visits, short walks) do not affect benefits.
- Traveling abroad is generally allowed, provided the doctor approves and ZUS is notified.
Multiple Jobs and L4
- Employees holding multiple jobs are not automatically banned from working during L4. However, any activity must not interfere with recovery, and the doctor’s approval is required.
Impact of Recent Measures
- In the first half of 2025, ZUS recovered or stopped over 150.5 million zł in improperly claimed benefits.
- L4 usage is widespread in Poland; in 2024, a total of 290 million L4 days were recorded.
The new regulations are designed to ensure proper use of sick leave, prevent abuse, and protect the state’s sickness benefits budget. While ZUS controls are tightening, it is crucial for employees to comply with the rules to avoid losing benefits.
